Individualized Treatment Decision-Making for Large Artery Atherosclerosis Cerebral Infarction in China
　

【Abstract】
Large artery atherosclerosis（LAA）is the predominant cause of cerebral infarction（CI）in China and is associated with a high risk of recurrence. Current therapeutic approaches for LAA-related CI primarily involve medical management and revascularization procedures. However, reducing the risk of recurrence through individualized treatment strategies remains a clinical challenge. This review synthesizes recent evaluation techniques and individualized treatment strategies developed in China, aiming to advance precision medicine in the management of LAA-related CI.

【Key words】
Cerebral infarction, large artery atherosclerosis, individualized treatment, imaging evaluation, biomarker1

Advances and Challenges in Cerebral Hemorrhage Research in China：from Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis to Precision Medicine
　

【Abstract】
This paper reviews progress in Intracerebral hemorrhage（ICH）research in China over the past 5 years, focusing on pathogenesis and discussing the current status, challenges, and future directions of pharmacological treatment. Studies show that Chinese researchers have made signifi cant progress in areas such as early blood pressure control, inflammatory response modulation, regulation of ferroptosis, and integration of Chinese and Western medical therapies. However, challenges remain, including inadequate drug standardization, delayed translation of basic research, and the absence of specifi c neuroprotective agents. Moving forward, improving the prevention and treatment of ICH in China will require enhanced regional collaboration, optimized harmacological strategies, and technological innovation.

【Key words】
Intracranial hemorrhage, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Precision diagnosis and treatment, Challenge

Current Status and Challenges of Ischemic Stroke in Japan
　

【Abstract】
Although the status of ischemic stroke in Japan has improved due to advances in acute treatment, challenges remain, including population aging, management of lifestyle-related diseases, and an imbalance in medical resources. A comprehensive system must be developed to increase awareness of prevention and early detection, while also providing adequate rehabilitation support. Eff orts to reduce regional disparities and promote lifestyle modifi cations are also essential.

【Key words】
Ischemic stroke, mechanical thrombectomy, antithrombotic therapy, embolic stroke of undetermined source, cancer associated stroke

Current Status and Challenges of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Japan
　

【Abstract】
ICH remains a major healthcare burden in Japan, despite declining overall stroke mortality over recent decades. Hypertension continues to be the leading cause, while the incidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and antithrombotic-associated ICH is rising in the aging population. Although acute management ̶ including blood pressure control ̶ has improved, functional outcomes remain poorer than those of ischemic stroke. Nationwide registries and ongoing healthcare reforms are critical for optimizing ICH care in Japan.

【Key words】
intra cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension, registry Japan Stroke Data Bank, Hisayama study