【Abstract】
Over the past century, the world has repeatedly faced pandemics. Reviewing their clinical and social dimensions, this article examines the microbiological and societal factors that drive pandemic emergence and the resulting impacts. It argues that effective preparedness in Japan requires resilient yet flexible health systems, early detection, research and development, workforce training, and strategic stockpiling-measures embedded in everyday healthcare rather than designed for COVID-19 alone.

【Key words】
Pandemic preparedness, Emerging infectious diseases, Health system resilience, Surveillance, One Health

【Abstract】
Chronic kidney disease（CKD）is a major public health issue in mainland China, affecting an estimated 156 million people in 2023. While screening-based prevalence has declined, absolute burden rises with aging and metabolic risks. Metabolism-related kidney damage is increasing, yet patient awareness remains only 10.0%. Enhanced early screening and cardio-kidney-metabolic co-management are urgently needed.

【Key words】
Chronic kidney disease, Prevalence, Disease burden, Epidemiology, China

【Abstract】
Chronic kidney disease（CKD）in China affects a large population with poor public awareness, and low rates of standard care and disease control. Etiological spectrum shifts also pose significant challenges to standard care while driving advances in clinical concepts. This review summarizes recent advances in non-drug interventions and drug therapies for CKD in China, discusses future directions, and provides practical references for standardized CKD management throughout the disease continuum.

【Key words】
China, Chronic kidney disease, Non-drug interventions, Drug therapies, Future directions

【Abstract】
Chronic kidney disease（CKD）is a major global health challenge. Japan, one of the world’s most aged societies, has developed CKD prevention strategies based on health checkup systems, urinalysis, workplace health management, and primary care-nephrology collaboration. This article reviews Japan’s epidemiological trends, national policies, and remaining challenges, including quantitative risk assessment and implementation-oriented evaluation.

【Key words】
Health checkup, Urinalysis, Risk stratification, Care coordination, Implementation

【Abstract】
Chronic kidney disease（CKD）is a major healthcare challenge in Japan’s super-aging society. Recent advances in CKD management, including SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and improved renal replacement therapies, have significantly improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes. At the same time, Japanese nephrology has emphasized comprehensive care that supports patients’ quality of life, physical function, and social well-being. This approach is consistent with the East Asian medical tradition, which views human beings as existing within relationships with nature, society, and community. Looking ahead, regenerative medicine and xenogeneic fetal kidney transplantation may offer new strategies for overcoming kidney failure. The future of CKD care in Japan will require not only technological innovation but also whole-person and patient-centered care that respects the values, narratives, and lives of individual patients.

【Key words】
Chronic kidney disease, Japan, Renal replacement therapy, Regenerative medicine, Whole-person care

【Abstract】
The physical health development of college students has long been a critical concern worldwide. Although both Japan and China are in East Asia, they employ vastly different approaches to physical education in universities. This article offers a comparative analysis of the characteristics of physical education in both countries, aiming to provide insights into strategies in physical health education.

【Key words】
Sports, Education, Health